Assessment of routine surveillance data as a tool to. Introducing rubella vaccine into national immunization programmes advocacy, communication and social mobilization. Monitoring and evaluation of surveillance systems over time is necessary to identify areas that need strengthening and to verify the relevance and quality of the information obtained. Updated guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance. Surveillance case definitions enable public health officials to classify and count cases consistently across reporting jurisdictions. Surveillance manual measles vaccine preventable diseases cdc. Transmission measles is one of the most infectious diseases. Regular monitoring of surveillance indicators, including time intervals between diagnosis and reporting and completeness of reporting, may identify specific areas of the surveillance and reporting system that need improvement. Statement of the problems in 2012, there were 33,602 measles cases reported by the countries of the who european. This study was conducted on october 21, 2018 to november 17, 2018. Measles is a highly contagious, vaccinepreventable disease. Trends in performance of the national measles casebased. Health management information system hmis, disease early warning system dews, and the expanded program on immunization epi.
Positive predictive value and effectiveness of measles case. An evaluation of measles surveillance in the kumasi metropolitan. The annual report on measles and rubella for 2017 is based on surveillance data retrieved from the european surveillance system tessy on 28 february 2018. Monitoring progress towards the elimination of measles in. The evaluation of public health surveillance systems should involve an. To identify groups of unimmunized children and adults. Pdf evaluation of the measles surveillance system in.
Afar, measles, surveillance systems, evaluation, herd immunity i. With this in mind several organizations have developed evaluation approaches to facilitate the design and implementation of these evaluations. Measles is nationallynotifiable and cases should be reported to the appropriate health. Evaluation of the disease surveillance system in adjumani. Epidemiological analysis of measles and evaluation of measles. Surveillance guidelines for measles, rubella and congenital rubella syndrome in the. Apr 23, 2018 the annual report on measles and rubella for 2017 is based on surveillance data retrieved from the european surveillance system tessy on 28 february 2018. Strengthening surveillance systems by vigorous case investigation, including laboratory confirmation, is one of these key strategies. Influenza or flu is a viral respiratory illness, mainly spread by droplets made when people with flu cough, sneeze or talk.
Both probable and confirmed cases should be reported nationally. Measles vaccination coverage was more than 85% in most of district of the region. We analyzed measles surveillance data to determine the effectiveness of the measles casebased. Monitoring and evaluation of the surveillance system will be critical for assessing its performance by providing evidence of the validity of the data i.
Recent vaccination was defined as having received measles or mmr vaccine 645 days before onset of rash 16. Pdf evaluation of measles surveillance systems in afghanistan. Regional elimination can be declared after 36 or more months of the absence of endemic measles or rubella in all member states. Measles minimal surveillance in elimination mode, measles surveillance must be casebased. Surveillance case definitions are not intended to be used by healthcare providers for. Measles surveillance is an essential component of the strategy to eliminate the disease in the united states.
To monitor progress toward the achievement of measles eradication, all countries should provide data on a weekly basis to the regionwide measles eradication surveillance system. We also found that hic data, rather than mandatory notification data, were more likely to come from individuals who had undergone laboratory tests to confirm their measles diagnosis. Evaluation of disease surveillance system is needed to be able to know if the system is effective in detecting the disease entity and if it is cost effective. Evaluation of measles surveillance systems in afar. Measles rubeola chapter 4 2020 yellow book travelers. The systems involved in measles surveillance in afghanistan include. Historically, cancer surveillance systems did not focus on improving timeliness because immediate uses of the data for the affected patient or community were limited. Evaluation of the measles clinical case definition the. Evaluation of measles surveillance systems in afar region. This report documents the evaluation of the cbs system that was carried out in march 2000, funded by unicef. The government tracks reported cases of vaccine side effects through the vaccine adverse event reporting system vaers. These objectives are particularly important in the context of eliminating measles and rubella. An evaluation of communitybased surveillance in the.
Serious outcomes of flu infection are hospitalization or death. Evaluation of measles and rubella integrated surveillance. Classification of measles casesmeasles elimination programs. Measles is a serious respiratory disease that is spread easily through coughing and sneezing. Evaluation is important to be able to know if a system works, it is needed to know the cost effectiveness and benefit of a particular system. Objective to evaluate the casebased measles surveillance system in kaduna state of nigeria and identify gaps in its operation. Regular and relevant evaluations of surveillance systems are essential to improve their performance and costeffectiveness. Monitoring and evaluation of the surveillance system will be critical for assessing its. Measles manual for the surveillance of vaccinepreventable. National center for hiv, std and tb prevention, cdc robert l. Logistic regression was used on measles surveillance data from iraq obtained. Updated guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance systems national immunization program, cdc lisa m. In mozambique, measles diagnosis is based on the measles case definition published in the surveillance manual distributed to all health workers. Describe operation of surveillance system for measles in kumasi metropolitan area for 2009.
The surveillance system should be able to do the following in a timely manner. The surveillance of measles is based on a case classification system that identifies suspected, probable, and confirmed cases. Introduction in africa, approximately million cases, 650,000. Measles report archive florida department of health. In nigeria, measles control is at the mortality reduction phase and surveillance is designed to raise routine immunization coverage. Pdf evaluation of the measles surveillance system in kaduna. Since adoption of the measles casebased surveillance system in zimbabwe in 1998, data has been routinely collected at all levels of the health delivery system and sent to national level with little or no documented evidence of use to identify risky populations, monitor impact of interventions and measure progress towards achieving measles elimination. Evaluating a national surveillance system unaidswho working group on global hivaids and sti surveillance for more information, contact. Evaluation of measles and rubella integrated surveillance system in apulia region, italy, 3 years after its introduction volume 146 issue 5 i.
National enhanced surveillance of measles is conducted through the canadian measles rubella surveillance system cmrss. We also found that hic data, rather than mandatory notification data, were more likely to come from individuals who had undergone laboratory tests to confirm their measles. Five years 200920 snnpr measles surveillance data was analyzed. We found that the sentinel surveillance system underestimated the number of adult measles cases. Methods the european union case definition was used to classify cases 15.
Measles, or rubeola, is a viral infection that starts in the respiratory system. Measles is a very contagious virus that can remain in a room for up to two hours even if the person with measles is no longer in the room. A surveillance case definition is a set of uniform criteria used to define a disease for public health surveillance. Introduction measles is an acute viral infectious disease and an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. Summary with next weeks issue of the mmwr, tables i and iii will reflect a new system of classification for measles cases. The us surveillance system is a passive reporting system that, when activated by a reported case, triggers a search for additional cases, identification and evaluation of possible contacts, provision of pep, if indicated, and home quarantine or close monitoring for onset of symptoms. The uganda national expanded program on immunization strives to have a sensitive surveillance system within the integrated disease surveillance and response idsr framework. This article presents the world health organizations who recommendations on the use of measles vaccines excerpted from the who position paper on measles vaccines. Evaluation of measles surveillance systems in afghanistan2010. Measles surveillance toolkit for healthcare settings.
Evaluation of measles surveillance system in oyo state, nigeria. This allows timely monitoring of measles elimination in canada. Evaluation of measles surveillance systems in afar region, ethiopia. States surveillance system is geared towards detection of measles virus transmission, rapid. An important indicator of the adequacy of the measles surveillance system is the detection of importations. Introduction disease surveillance is a critical component in the control and elimination of vaccine preventable diseases. Symptoms typically appear 7 to 14 days after a person. Surveillance report measles and rubella surveillance 2017 1 executive summary the annual report on measles and rubella for 2017 is based on surveillance data retrieved from the european surveillance system tessy on 28 february 2018.
Hence, the region should expand a web based reporting system. Use of a diagonal approach to health system strengthening and. Pdf evaluation of measles surveillance systems in afar. We analyzed measles surveillance data to determine the effectiveness of the measles. National center for chronic disease prevention and health promotion, cdc carol a. Measles transmission during air travel, united states. Between 2009 and 2012, genotype information was reported via the measles surveillance system for just 24 1. Measles in 2017, the eueea experienced a resurgence of measles with several outbreaks and 37 fatalities. Evaluation of measles surveillance system in provincial. Reported measles cases, united states, 19622019 2018 and 2019 data are preliminary and subject to change meliminanon is deoned as the absence of endemic measles transmission in a region for.
Surveillance manual measles vaccine preventable diseases. The goals of the new communitybased surveillance cbs system were to monthly detect and tally cases of polio, cerebrospinal meningitis csm, guinea worm, measles, as. Epidemiological analysis of measles and evaluation of. Although it is usually considered a childhood disease, it can be contracted at any age. Measles cases are reported by states to cdc through the national notifiable diseases surveillance system nndss. Surveillance and outbreak reports measles in italy, july. Surveillance case definitions are not intended to be used by healthcare providers for making a clinical diagnosis or determining how.
Pdf evaluation of measles surveillance systems in afar region. Purpose objective the main objective was to conduct an evaluation of the communitybased surveillance program in northern region, ghana and make recommendations to guide the establishment of communitybased surveillance activities in. Monitoring and evaluation surveillance guidelines for. This system, and the categorization of immunization programs, has been developed by the division of immunization in conjunction with the directors of each immunization program and the conference of state and territorial epidemiologists. Introducing rubella vaccine into national immunization programmes. Who whorecommended surveillance standard of measles. Measles can also be spread by an infected person even before a rash or any other symptoms appear. Whorecommended surveillance standard of measles rationale for surveillance. Introduction measles is one of the vaccine preventable diseases still causing preventable mortality and. In africa, approximately million cases, 650,000 deaths due to measles occur annually, with subsaharan.
To evaluate the casebased measles surveillance system in kaduna state of nigeria and identify gaps in its operation. Measles and rubella surveillance field manual for communicable diseases. It still remains a significant cause of death worldwide, despite the availability of a safe, effective vaccine. Positive predictive value and effectiveness of measles. Methods to measure vaccine risks include surveillance systems, clinical studies, and epidemiological studies. Module on best practices for measles surveillance world health. However, a periodic, formal evaluation, conducted by. Addis ababa university, college of health sciences, school. Surveillance systems also serve to monitor trends of endemic diseases, progress towards disease control objectives, and to provide information which. Evaluation of the measles surveillance system in kaduna state. Introduction measles is one of the vaccine preventable diseases. Pdf the prevalence of measles was 55% in afar region. Each country should periodically have its measles surveillance system objectively evaluated using the standardized evaluation protocol developed by paho. Surveillance system appears to be not meeting its objectives.
This system involves weekly collection of enhanced measles data from all provinces and territories. Who manual for the laboratory diagnosis of measles and rubella virus. As a result of high vaccination coverage and implementation of measles elimination strategies in the americas, measles in the united states was declared eliminated defined as the absence of endemic measles virus transmission in a defined geographic area for. Ideally, an internal evaluation of surveillance activities is an integral step conducted during analysis and. The team located and found main stakeholders of measles surveillance system. Despite reported measles vaccination coverage of 75%, the number of outbreaks was increasing in 2008. Who position paper april 2017, published in the weekly epidemiological record. The guideline on measles surveillance and outbreak management aims to provide health authorities, medical officers, and other health personnel involved in measles control at national, regional, woreda and local levels with a stepbystep manual for setting up and carrying out measles surveillance as. The current study provides an analysis of measles surveillance data collected during 20052010 for identifying the risk factors of measles in iraq, determining factors associated with lower vaccination rates against measles, evaluating the performance of the measles surveillance system, and calculating vaccine effectiveness and failure in the.
In order to identify and to compare the advantages and limitations of these approaches, we. Institute through the enhanced measles surveillance system with a date of rash onset between 1 july 2009 and 30 september 2010. African regional guidelines for measles and rubella surveillance draft version april 2015. Investigators continue to pursue novel methods to evaluate and improve the ability of surveillance systems to support new uses of data. To obtain data and information systems related to the implementation of measles surveillance system at east java provincial health office, an interview was undertak. During this period a total of 54,221 measles cases were detected by surveillance system. An evaluation of communitybased surveillance in the northern.
1521 435 106 816 775 466 471 1077 987 986 429 1509 382 1393 1458 226 990 1219 1021 1206 1204 1478 1499 257 10 1086 892 989 1535 1597 1007 1465 1174 603 1178 1343 133 70 1009 454 1099 521 85 788